Immune System of a Plant

Invulnerable System of a Plant Conceptual Two light flagging variables, FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 (FHY3) and FAR-RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE 1 (FAR1) manage chlorophyll biosynthesis, seedling development and balance plant resistance by controlling HEMB1 articulation in Arabiopsis thaliana. We show that fhy3 far1 twofold invalid freaks show significant levels of responsive oxygen species, salicylic corrosive and high articulation of pathogen related qualities. We investigate the impacts of this constitutively actuated resistant reaction on commensal microbial networks through utilization of a cutting edge sequencing based methodology. We confirm that fhy3 far1 freaks contain more noteworthy species decent variety and a more noteworthy obstruction against pathogenic microorganisms. Parasitic pathogens increment in wealth in fhy3 far1 freaks. Taken together, this examination exhibits the significant job of FHY3 and FAR1 in commensal microbial network piece just as the significance of bacterial parasitic relations. Presentation The Microbiome Microorganisms are a very various gathering of living beings; making up an amazing 60% of the Earths all out biomass (Singh, 2009). Soil supports upwards of 4-51030 microbial cells (Singh, 2009), all adding to soil structure arrangement, deterioration, and reusing of natural issue into its constituent components and supplements. Microorganisms present in the dirt adjoining plant roots are a piece of the Rhizosphere. (Garbeva, 2004) features their crucial jobs in the concealment of plant illness (Badri DV, 2009), advancement of plant development (Lugtenberg, 2009), improvement and wellbeing (Mendes, 2011). Leaves as a rule overwhelm the elevated piece of the plant, speaking to of the most noteworthy earthbound natural surroundings for microorganisms: the Phyllosphere (Vorholt JA, 2012). A different network of microorganisms and growths occupy this difficult natural surroundings; with supplement lack and changes in temperature, dampness and UV radiation (Lindow SE, 2003). The microbial networks here are molded by biotic components: (Yang CH, 2001) states that species, genotype (van Overbeek L, 2008) and period of plant (Redford AJ, 2009) all have their particular effects. Abiotic factors likewise have a significant impact over the networks present inside the phyllosphere. Plant area and development conditions, for example, soil structure and atmosphere can likewise have a solid effect due to the physiochemical adjustments they give. (JH, 1999) likewise takes note of how plant genotype and phenotype affects network get together. In spite of the fact that most of networks exist on the plant surface, and are in this way epiphytic some exist inside the plant as endophytes. Species present inside the phyllosphere will in general absorb plant determined ammonium, basic sugars and amino acids, which are their essential nitrogen and carbon sources (Thomas R Turner, 2013). Microorganisms vitality digestion isnt altogether reliant on the plant; a few animal types contain r hodopsins. Because of the wealth of procedures which assume a job in network piece (Weiher E, 2011), phyla with the best adjustments for endurance and generation will in general prevail networks. These microorganisms can advance plant development through the creation of hormones, or shield plants from pathogenic creatures by delivering anti-toxin mixes, going after assets (Berg G, 2009) or acceptance of fundamental opposition (Conrath U, 2006). The utilization of Arabidopsis thaliana as a model living being has been indispensable for these investigations (Innerebner G, 2011). A. thaliana is a yearly forb, happening at mild areas worldwide in an assorted scope of living spaces (Elena Garcã ­a, 2013) So as to investigate microbial networks; a couple of terms should be characterized. Biodiversity is characterized as the scope of altogether various sorts of life forms and their individual relative bounty inside a network, including three principle levels; hereditary variety between species, number of particular species and network or natural assorted variety (Harpole, 2010). Two primary segments make up species decent variety: the all out number of species present (species extravagance) and the appropriation of people among said species (uniformity). Operational ordered units (OTU) or networks give data on a biological system (Mannan, 2013). Species decent variety identifies with the soundness of a network; efficient networks will in general have the best dependability (Yannarell, 2005). Stresses can cause unsettling influences in a homeostatic network, subsequently disturbing it and prompting changes in species plenitudes. While portraying a biological system, for example, A. thal iana, one must decide three things: The kind of microorganisms present, their jobs and how these jobs identify with the environments work (Sani, 2011). Plant Immune Response The invulnerable arrangement of a plant has a specific impact upon its microbiome. Upon pathogen experience, a plant will inspire an invulnerable reaction with the objective of constraining pathogen development. Biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens (the individuals who acquire supplements from living host tissue) are repulsed by Salicylic corrosive ward guard reactions. Necrotrophic pathogens (which execute their host to get supplements) are delicate to Jasmonic corrosive (JA) and Ethylene (ET) subordinate resistance reactions (Christine Vogel, 2016). Plants need particular resistant cells; in this manner, their cells must have a capacity to detect pathogens and mount a proper invulnerable reaction. Pathogens are identified by design acknowledgment receptors (PRRs) which tie to the organism or pathogen related atomic examples (MAMP/PAMP), in this way giving a layer of basal resistance known as PAMP activated invulnerability (PTI) to forestall pathogen colonization (Chuanfu A, 2011 ). With the end goal for pathogens to cause malady, they should infuse effectors into plant cells, accordingly meddling with PRR edifices or downstream motioning to beat the PTI. Plants have developed opposition proteins which perceive effectors legitimately or by implication and actuate effector activated resistance (ETI). This reaction is undeniably increasingly explicit, and is frequently trailed by an excessively touchy reaction (HR). R proteins, generally leucine-rich rehash (LRR) area containing proteins and Nucleotide-authoritative (NB) proteins are the intracellular receptors which sense pathogen determined atoms (Heidrich K, 2012). Figure 1 shows a rundown of these procedures. At the point when these proteins are enacted, creation of salicylic corrosive happens. Salicylic corrosive (SA) is a phenolic phytochrome present in plants. SA holds jobs in development, advancement, transpiration, photosynthesis and the take-up of particles. Its likewise indispensable for the procedure of endogenous flagging, intervening plant guard against pathogens. Enactment of protection flagging pathways causes the age of portable signs from the contaminated tissue, where they can spread to distal tissue. Here they can upregulate articulation of pathogenesis related qualities and prompt deliberate obtained oppositio n (SAR), a durable insusceptibility against an expansive range of pathogens. Salicylic corrosive intervened insusceptible reactions are significant components of both PTI and ETI, fundamental for the actuation of SAR. NB-LRR interceded illness opposition may just be compelling against pathogens developed on living host tissue, for example, commit or hemibiotrophic pathogens, yet not against nectrotrophs (Dangl, 2006). Downstream of the NB-LRR R proteins, the pathways ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIILITY1 (EDS1) and its accomplice PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4) act in basal opposition and ETI started by Toll-like/Interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) type NB-LRR R proteins (Vlot AC, 2009). Both PAD4 and EDS1 intensify SA motioning through a positive criticism circle (Wanqing Wang, 2015). Wound loop (CC) type NB-LRR proteins are managed by NONSPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE 1. At the point when SA levels increment because of pathogen challenge, redox changes are prompted which cause decrease of NON EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) to a monomeric structure which actuates guard responsive quality articulation by collecting inside the core. This outcomes in plant resistance (Fu ZQ, 2013). Most microscopic organisms which colonize A. thaliana are not pathogenic anyway still produce MAMPs. It is right now not realized how plants can distinguish pathogenic and commensal microorganisms, and whether the acknowledgment of these non-pathogenic phyllosphere microscopic organisms triggers plant insusceptible flagging systems downstream of PTI or ETI actuation, with thump on consequences for network structure. (Christine Vogel, 2016) confirmed that because of some non pathogenic species, the recognition of MAMPS prompts no adjustment in quality articulation. Note that a few types of microbes can actuate transcriptional changes to shield the plants from diseases of different species (Judith E. van de Mortel, 2012). FHY3 FAR1 Plants have created administrative instruments so as to adapt to unfriendly abiotic and biotic conditions (Bray EA, 2000), anyway these are a disservice to their development and improvement. These administrative instruments actuate invulnerable reactions and opposition pathways on account of biotic pressure. Constitutive actuation of plant insusceptibility would prompt hindered development and wellness, so without stress, the safe reaction must return the gigantic transcriptional reprograming, requiring tight hereditary control (Tian D, 2003). Arabidopsis thaliana needs to adjust to changes of natural improvements, for example, light signals or temperature. Light term, bearing, frequency, and amount are dictated by a battery photoreceptors which screen occurrence red (R, 600-700 nm) and far red (FR, 700-750 nm) light frequencies. This is accomplished by exchanging between R engrossing and FR retaining modes through organically idle Pr and dynamic Pfr structures (PH, 2002). Photograph initiation of the essential photoreceptor for FR light phyA, makes translocation from the cytoplasm the core. This translocation permits enlistment of FR-responsive quality articulation required for different photoreceptors. Two sets of homologous qualities are fundamental

Daggers found in shaft graves during the bronze age :: essays research papers

     The decorative blades of the late bronze age found in the pole graves at Mycenae, that date somewhere in the range of 1550, and 1500 B.C. were made by Cretans for the territory showcase. Despite the fact that these knifes were made in Crete none have ever been found there. Some different spots where comparable blades have been found are the island of Thera, Vapheio, Pylos, and the Argire Heraeum. This shows there was exchange among those spots during the timespan that the blades were made. A large portion of the knifes were found in grave hover An at Mycenae. How they were made      The men who made the blades found in the pole graves were extremely talented skilled workers. They indicated difference of shading and of alleviation with the enrichment of their work. On the two sides of the knifes was an opened silver or gold plate which would be brightened before being put on. They would enrich the plates with gold, silver, copper, compounds, and another strategy known as niello. Niello is a dark metallic compound of sulfur, copper, silver, and generally lead, utilized as a decorate on engraved metal. It is viewed as painting in metal. The metal surface is brushed with a borax arrangement as a motion to help disperse the warmth uniformly, cleaned with powdered niello, at that point warmed. Subsequent to cooling, the surface is scratched and shows a dark example in the chiseled lines. The Egyptians are credited with beginning niello adornment, which was rehearsed in old style times, spread all through Europe during the medieval times, and came into h igh notoriety in the fifteenth century(Encyclopedia Britannica). Despite the fact that Egypt thought of the thought, you should take note of that it is local work, and not simply an imported article. (Page, 7) The disposition of the figures and of the lions, and the type of the feline, are, for example, no Egyptian would have executed.(Web page, 7) After the plates were enhanced, they utilized bolts as opposed to a patching procedure to assemble the parts. They additionally utilized the procedure of decorating on the blades while including the gold bits. They would cut a restricted segment of gold from a slight sheet. At that point they would make undermines and dovetails any place the gold would be going. After that they would then put the portion of gold over the undermines, and utilize a sledge and a little wedge to blast the gold in. Enhancements utilized on the knifes Blades found in shaft graves during the bronze age :: papers investigate papers      The fancy knifes of the late bronze age found in the pole graves at Mycenae, that date somewhere in the range of 1550, and 1500 B.C. were made by Cretans for the terrain showcase. Despite the fact that these blades were made in Crete none have ever been found there. Some different spots where comparative knifes have been found are the island of Thera, Vapheio, Pylos, and the Argire Heraeum. This shows there was exchange among those spots during the timespan that the knifes were made. The vast majority of the knifes were found in grave hover An at Mycenae. How they were made      The men who made the knifes found in the pole graves were gifted skilled workers. They demonstrated difference of shading and of alleviation with the embellishment of their work. On the two sides of the blades was an opened silver or gold plate which would be adorned before being put on. They would embellish the plates with gold, silver, copper, compounds, and another procedure known as niello. Niello is a dark metallic combination of sulfur, copper, silver, and generally lead, utilized as a trim on engraved metal. It is viewed as painting in metal. The metal surface is brushed with a borax arrangement as a motion to help appropriate the warmth uniformly, cleaned with powdered niello, at that point warmed. In the wake of cooling, the surface is scratched and shows a dark example in the chiseled lines. The Egyptians are credited with beginning niello adornment, which was rehearsed in old style times, spread all through Europe during the medieval times, and came into hig h notoriety in the fifteenth century(Encyclopedia Britannica). Despite the fact that Egypt thought of the thought, you should take note of that it is local work, and not simply an imported article. (Site page, 7) The disposition of the figures and of the lions, and the type of the feline, are, for example, no Egyptian would have executed.(Web page, 7) After the plates were brightened, they utilized bolts as opposed to a binding method to assemble the parts. They additionally utilized the method of trimming on the knifes while including the gold bits. They would cut a restricted piece of gold from a meager sheet. At that point they would make undermines and dovetails any place the gold would be going. After that they would then put the segment of gold over the undermines, and utilize a sledge and a little wedge to blast the gold in. Enhancements utilized on the knifes

The Storm by Chopin

The motivation behind this paper is to show how Kate Chopin utilizes the components of setting for upgrading the adequacy of the narrating methods. The setting as a significant component of fiction consistently significantly affects readers’ impression of the abstract works.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The Storm by Chopin explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, in Chopin’s The Storm, the components of setting are interconnected with the remainder of the plot lines and clarify as well as impact their turn of events. The setting of the story is mind boggling and multi-layered, introducing the life of the provincial network and putting the tempest into the middle of the story. The most significant piece of work on the task was the endeavor to assess the job of the setting by envisioning that the story could be composed without setting. One of the fundamental challenges which happened during the nearby perusing and exam ination of the short story is the translation of the expressions of a kid who was talking drivel lingo. All things considered, the utilization of the tongue words is disclosed with Chopin’s expectation to speak to the legitimate picture and make her characters look progressively reasonable. Individual involvement in storms makes the primary component of setting justifiable for perusers, be that as it may, Chopin’s understanding invests this component with new implications. The principle qualities of the paper remember the assessment of different elements of setting for The Storm and backing of the suppositions with the references from hypothetical sources and the scenes from the scholarly work. On the off chance that the paper could be reconsidered, I would give more consideration to the representative implications of the tempest. The paper is written in MLA style and incorporates direct citations supporting the principle ideas.Sincerely, Setting is a huge component of any abstract work which can be utilized at the author’s prudence for differentiating or supplementing the portrayed occasions. Kate Chopin utilized the setting of her short story The Storm for improving the adequacy of the narrating procedure and increasing the impact delivered on perusers by the primary plot lines. Kate Chopin utilized the subtleties of setting for clarifying a portion of the conditions which were huge for the advancement of the plot lines. In this sense, setting can be viewed as destiny which is out of characters’ hands and rules their predeterminations somewhat. In a portion of the scenes the subtleties of setting deny characters of free choice.Advertising Looking for investigate paper on american writing? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, the primary characters act as per conditions as opposed to utilizing their unrestrained choice. The setting clarifies why Calixta is isolated from h er better half who needs to hold up till the finish of the tempest in Friedheimer’s store. Another significant capacity of setting is the explanation of the way that she is disregarded without employed help with her family unit work. These subtleties substitute the characters’ cognizant choices and toss Calixta into the arms of Alcee, one of her previous darlings. The creator moves the ethical obligation regarding submitting infidelity from the fundamental characters on simultaneousness of conditions portrayed in the setting. From one viewpoint, Calixta and Alcee are just unintentionally taken off alone and these are the subtleties of setting that make their infidelity conceivable. Then again, Alcee chose to come to Calixta before the tempest and downpour began, and this detail can't be escaped a mindful peruser, bringing out connected reaction in him/her (Schilb and Clifford 683). The tempest as one of the focal components of setting covers the darlings and clarifies if not legitimizes their wrongdoing. In such manner, setting can be perceived as one of significant plot lines which assume a significant job in clarifying the advancement of occasions. Another significant capacity of the setting in The Storm is the replacement of certain depictions in the edges of the nineteenth century scholarly code. â€Å"Readers new to nineteenth-century account codes frequently neglect to acknowledge what is happening† (Walker 118). In spite of the fact that Chopin depicted just specific subtleties of setting rather, concealing the sexual scene from her perusers, they can comprehend the ramifications of the author’s prompts. The components of setting were utilized by the creator of The Storm for clarifying and in any event, defending the conduct of the primary characters with the outside variables and the simultaneousness of conditions and meeting the prerequisites of the nineteenth century artistic code for depicting specific scenes. As one of t he essential components of the short story, setting not just clarifies the conduct of the primary characters yet additionally significantly affects it by interlacing with the remainder of the plot lines. Specifically scenes, climate conditions are unequivocal variables which precondition the accompanying advancement of occasions, denying the characters of their through and through freedom for making decisions.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The Storm by Chopin explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The tempest as the focal component of setting turns into an obstacle for the development of individuals who are prompted to remain inside holding up till the finish of the downpour. Despite the fact that the frightful climate and the snags made by it are underestimated by the characters and Calixta from the start even doesn't see the adjustments in the air, the tempest became a reason for the infidelity as well as even a significant precondition for it. The tempest permitted Calixta and Alcee to remain alone, covering their illegal relationship and isolating them from the remainder of the world. Chopin utilizes setting as power which constrains characters to submit activities which they would not take without the subtleties of the setting. Author’s exceptional accentuation on the portrayal of setting and interconnection them with the remainder of the lines can be clarified with the shows of the nineteenth century writing. In this sense, cutting out setting, the writer encoded the messages for contemporary perusers on account of failure to communicate her mentality straightforwardly. â€Å"Chopin offered an uncommonly blunt delineation of a happy and pleasurable extra-conjugal sexual experience with beneficial outcomes on the two accomplices and their families† (Gibert 72). In spite of the fact that this hopeful state of mind towards the portrayal of extramarital relationship isn't communicated legitimately, i t gets clear through unraveling the suggestions fused into the subtleties of setting. â€Å"The last line of the story acquits the admirers of any guilt† (Werlock 619). The subtleties of setting in The Storm are utilized as not just a different plot line which specifically scenes is made a definitive factor impacting the characters’ conduct yet in addition a lot of significant ramifications adversary encoding Chopin’s mentality towards the delineated occasions. Alongside clarifying and impacting the characters’ conduct, the subtleties of setting in The Storm make the air for the delineated occasions and have representative importance. Considering the quirks of scholarly world, the understanding of setting ought not be restricted to its artistic importance. Subsequently, the tempest ought not be viewed as a simple climate condition. For example, perusers can draw matches between the portrayal of the energetic gathering, the open irateness with the extramar ital relationships and the occasions in the climate. The tempest as one of the focal components of setting can be related with life of provincial community.Advertising Searching for inquire about paper on american writing? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The life of the fundamental characters is delineated as dull and repetitive and the portrayal of setting produces the impression of dull and exhausting presence of the provincial network before the delineated occasions occurred. Subsequent to submitting infidelity, the sweethearts come back to their families without being rebuffed for their transgression and without changing the acclimated situation in them. The open closure of the short story viable gives perusers something to think about. â€Å"So the tempest passed and everybody was happy† (Chopin 257). In this part the importance of the word storm isn't evident as it very well may be deciphered as a piece of setting or normal for family connections. Leaving the closure of the story open and joining the portrayal of climate and people’s sentiments in a single sentence, the writer rouses perusers to search for representative understandings of the components of setting all through the content of the short story. The se tting of Chopin’s story makes specific climate and impacts readers’ view of the plot lines communicating the author’s demeanor towards the portrayed occasions through drawing the equals between the components of setting and the life of country network. The setting of the short story The Storm by Kate Chopin is utilized as a different plot line which supplements and impacts the improvement of different themes. From one perspective, the components of setting are utilized for clarifying and supporting the conduct of the primary characters. Then again, the restrictions of the nineteenth century story code constrained Chopin to encode her demeanor towards the delineated occasions into the components of setting by blessing them with emblematic significance. Works Cited Chopin, Kate and Rachel Adams. The Awakening and Selected Short Fiction. New York: Barnes and Noble Classics, 2003. Print. Gibert, Teresa. â€Å"The Role of Implicatures in Kate Chopin’s Louisia na Short Stories†. Diary of the Short Story in English Spring 2003: 69-84. Print. Schilb, John and John Clifford. Making Literature Matter: An Anthology for Readers a

How to Write a Why College Essay - Tips on How to Write a Why College Essay

How to Write a Why College Essay - Tips on How to Write a Why College EssayIf you have been looking for tips on how to write a why college essay, then this article is probably going to be beneficial to you. It will tell you exactly what to include in your essay and how to structure it so that it gets accepted by the college admissions committee. I would like to also mention that this article is written by someone who has written hundreds of them.The first thing that you should be aware of when it comes to writing a college essay is to not get too personal. It is acceptable for a college to ask you to write about a specific event in your life that made you realize that you wanted to go to college. This can be something that happened while you were working on a job or while you were participating in some extracurricular activity.However, you should keep this story simple. You should only include information about what led you to make the decision to go to college, but you should not go into detail about all of the other reasons why you feel that it is important to attend college. There are times when the purpose of the college admissions is to weed out applicants based on their reasons for wanting to attend the college.The next tip that I would like to give you is to avoid using slang and vocabulary that may be considered inappropriate by colleges. For example, if you were to use the term 'hustle' instead of hustle, then the college admissions committee may not consider this a good enough reason to let you into their school. It would be very easy for you to come across as arrogant and self-centered if you included a bunch of slang and unique terms for yourself.I'm sure that you are probably curious on how to write a why college essay, but the truth is that there really isn't anything new that you need to know. It is just another opportunity for you to speak on your own experiences with your life. In other words, if you didn't succeed in school because you couldn' t manage your finances or if you ran into some difficulty at home, then you can talk about this as well. However, if you just give a couple of paragraphs of the how to write a why college essay, then your essay is probably going to be ignored by most colleges.The last tip on how to write a why college essay is to make sure that you have a clear objective. If you are asked to write about why you want to be a lawyer or a doctor, then you need to make sure that you clearly state your objective as well as the reasons why the college should hire you. The reason for writing your objective should be for your college admission committee to see if they want to hire you as an attorney or a doctor.If you state your objective before they get a chance to see the details of your academic record or your applications, then they will be more likely to hire you because you have a strong desire to work in the field that you are interested in. This will be very different from getting a letter from a pr ospective employer or a letter of recommendation from someone that worked with you previously that states that you are a great employee.This is the best tip on how to write a why college essay. Hopefully, these tips on how to write a why college essay will help you out and help your college admissions committee notice your story.

Professional Online Research Paper Writing Service

Professional Online Research Paper Writing ServiceThere are a few different factors that can help you find the best online research paper writing service. Of course, it is vital that you consider the reputation of the company before you hire them. If the firm does not appear to be reputable or the quality of their work seems to be on the lower end, then you should certainly be looking elsewhere.The best online research paper writing service will have an established track record and will be reputable in the industry. It will also need to have access to a number of different software programs, in order to be able to create your research documents. As well as this, the more research they have done, the better.For your business to be competitive, you will need to find a good quality professional service for your online research paper writing service. This is no mean feat and requires some time and effort. Fortunately, the internet has made this process easier than ever before.The key thi ng to consider when you are researching for a good, professional online research paper writing service is what they can offer you. You want a firm that can offer you a broad range of services and is able to deliver on all of them. Be sure to consider the price you can expect to pay before you agree to anything.Find out if they have good pricing structures and what they are able to offer in terms of a service fee. Some sites may charge you for just the research they do, others charge for the type of work that you do, and still others charge you for each individual document that you send to them. It is important to find out what exactly the pricing structure is before you hire them.Also make sure they have an extensive portfolio of their own work and talk to people whohave used them. This will give you a good idea of the type of paper writing service you are looking at and should give you an indication of what you can expect. You should be able to look at sample documents and read tes timonials.It is also important to find out if they have any prior work experience. You will want a well established and professional service that can work with the individuals you need. As well as this, you will want a firm that has years of experience in the industry, which will give you peace of mind that they are doing a good job.Remember that finding a good, professional online research paper writing service can be difficult, but it is worth the effort. In fact, there are so many different research paper writing services available, that it is important to get some free advice on this matter. The more you do this, the better your chances of finding the right one for you.

Finding True Love in Their Eyes Were Watching God - Literature Essay Samples

The novel Their Eyes Were Watching God is a story of one woman’s growth as a person physically, emotionally, and intellectually while on a journey for life fulfillment. Throughout the novel a theme illustrating the value of finding true love and friendships rather than material possessions and power is developed. This theme is most apparent in the contrasting relationships that Janie shares with each of her husbands: Logan, Jody, and Tea Cake. In her relationship with Logan, Janie’s desires for reciprocated love are not satisfied. Despite the fact that Logan has sixty acres of land, their relationship lacks any kind of genuine mutual sensuality and leads to resentment and misery. The affection dying between them is displayed when Hurston says, â€Å"Janie noticed that her husband had stopped talking in rhymes to her. He had ceased to wonder at her long black hair.† At this point, Logan does not appear to care for Janie at all; he does not admire her hair, the uni que quality that is a symbol for her strength and independence. In fact, Logan has made Janie a slave to him. He â€Å"calls to her harshly† and demands her help in moving manure outside. When Janie responds, â€Å"you don’t need mah help out dere, Logan,† he threatens to kill her with an axe. They do not show any kind of respect or devotion to one another. Janie knows that she is unhappy in this relationship and could find someone who treats her better. She has plenty of land with Logan, a rare thing for an African American at the time, but she becomes a discontented slave in her own home because they do not love each other. This lack of compassion between the couple and the hope of real affection drives Janie away and causes the deterioration of their marriage. In Janie’s relationship with Jody, she finds someone her own age who reminds her that she is young, someone with dreams and aspirations like her, and someone who will take her away from Logan. Ho wever, Jody is a power-seeking womanizer who mistreats everyone around him in order to gain command. They do not truly care for one another and their relationship is going down the same road as Janie’s relationship with Logan. Just one day after they’re married Janie notices that Jody doesn’t â€Å"make many speeches with rhymes to her.† This foreshadows the similarity between the two relationships. When the town asks Janie to make a speech, Jody says, â€Å"She’s uh woman and her place is in de home.† This is one of the first signs that Jody has a blatant disrespect for women, which causes a great deal of turmoil between him and Janie. Jody will not allow Janie to participate in any town events and so she doesn’t make any friends in town. He also makes Janie tie her hair back with head rags. This is a metaphor for how Jody is suppressing Janie’s spirit and liveliness. Janie is married to the mayor of Eatonville but that does n ot create happiness in the absence of love. When Jody dies Janie celebrates her liberation inside herself. Janie’s relationship with Tea Cake displays many significant differences from her relationships with both Logan and Jody. In Tea Cake, Jody discovers true love, friendships, and real happiness in life regardless of the fact that he has virtually no money. From their very first meeting Janie, â€Å"found herself glowing inside.† Tea Cake does not have a desire for material things or power that causes him to mistreat or disrespect Janie. He is playful and young bringing Janie back to life after the years she spent aging under Jody’s strict command. Tea Cake says that the, â€Å"Moons too pretty fuh anybody tuh be sleepin’ it away,† displaying the same appreciation for nature that Janie does. For the first time Janie is actually attracted to a man. She admires Tea Cake, â€Å"full lazing eyes with the lashes†¦and narrow waist.† Tea Cake, as his name suggests, is sweet. He asks her to play checkers and shows a respect for Janie as a woman. He encourages her to participate in town activities. While Logan and Jody did not admire Janie’s long rope of black hair, Tea Cake stays up at night dreaming about touching her hair. This shows the awe that he finds in Janie as their love begins to grow. Janie and Tea Cake move to Jacksonville, Florida and get married. There, Janie meets other people who have found enjoyment in things other than money and possessions. Here she makes friends and participates in conversation. Her experience here is a completely different life compared to her life with Jody. Janie and Tea Cake truly care for one another and share a chemistry that allows their love to last beyond the short duration of their life together. Despite Tea Cake not having very much money, Janie only finds the fulfillment she was missing in her life after she develops real friendships and a shared devotion with Tea Cake. As Janie Crawford progresses through the journey of life in search of her horizon, she experiences three different relationships. Her first relationship with Logan supplies her with land but no love, leaving her in a position of servitude to her husband. Her second relationship shows her a life of suppression being controlled by her subjugating husband Jody. Finally, in her third marriage Janie finds happiness when she stumbles upon a real love with Tea Cake even though he doesn’t have money. These relationships display how true happiness is not found in the objects of life but instead is found in the truly deep sharing of affection and admiration between people. Only in this environment filled with love and friendship could Janie reach her horizon.

The Impact of Multiple Sclerosis on a Patients Life Essay

The impact of Multiple Sclerosis on a patient’s life Introduction Eight years ago my mother was diagnosed with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis, the most common form of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) affecting up to 85% of the MS patients, with twice as many women being affected as men1. It was a very difficult period for her as she had received very little support from her family and I find it fascinating how she managed to withstand the pressure and fight her condition despite all the odds being against her. For these reasons, I composed a poem from my mother’s point of view to try to empathize with her experience and understand the underlying issues of her condition. To have a sound foundation for this poem, I have carried out a†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Upon feeling that she was finally running out of fuel†, I was, at the age of 12, invited for an interview in a elite Czech boarding school which required me to undertake a number of examinations, interviews, travelling and extensive paper work. Despite her worsening condit ion, she was always there with me, doing all the paper work, practising with me various interview questions and really being the best mum. After I had been accepted to the boarding school, she started to gradually break down due to a number of reasons. While she saw my being accepted as an incredible success, especially for someone from a working class family, my entire family started hating her as they perceived this as her â€Å"getting rid of me and her not wanting to take care of me†. Shortly after, she started suffering from short-term memory loss, severe chest pain and loss of balance, leading to the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis. The diagnosis was by far one of the majorShow MoreRelatedMultiple Sclerosis (Ms) Is A Disease That Impacts The Brain,1040 Words   |  5 Pages Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease that impacts the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves, which is together known as the Central Nervous System (CNS). It is perhaps one of the most common neurological disorders, affecting about 1 per 1,000 of the population (Beaumont, 2008). Multiple Sclerosis means â€Å"Multiple Scars† due to the many scars (lesions) that are located in the CNS. This disease involves two main systems in the body, the Central Nervous System and the Immune System. The Central NervousRead MoreA Critical Analysis Of Multiple Sclerosis Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesA Critical Analysis of Multiple Sclerosis Janae Tanner Baltimore City Community College Dr. Emmanuel Okereke BIO 202-1758-ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I November 1, 2016 Abstract Multiple Sclerosis, commonly known as MS is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Scientists have been studying MS since the 19th century. In MS, the body’s immune system produces cells and antibodies that attack myelin in your brain which is essential for the nerves in your brain and spinal cord to conductRead MoreMedical Ethics : Adult Stem Cell Research Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pagesessay I decided to write on Stem. Initially, I began by defining what stem cell is and the different types of stem cell scientist work with. I include the medical scenario of a woman from Huston by the name of Debbie Bertrand who suffered from Multiple Sclerosis. I also included Dr. Lall, discovery of stem cells in baby teeth, because I found the article to be very interesting. Philosophical question were asked and answered. The point of view of natural law was also mention to support my argument. TheRead MoreAn Autoimmune Disorder Of The Central Nervous System3281 Words   |  14 PagesMultiple Sclerosis Brandi McKinney PTH 246 Jean Hamrick June 25, 2015 â€Æ' Introduction Multiple Sclerosis, an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system, was first discovered in 1868 by Jean-Martin Charcot.1,2 He defined it by its â€Å"clinical and pathological characteristics: paralysis and the cardinal symptoms of intention tremor, scanning speech, and nystagmus, later termed Charcot’s triad.†2 In Physical Rehabilitation, O’Sullivan, Schmitz, and Fulk defined multiple sclerosis as â€Å"a chronicRead MoreSpecial Needs : Multiple Sclerosis1971 Words   |  8 PagesSpecial Needs: Multiple Sclerosis Introduction Multiple Sclerosis is a lifelong, incurable disease, which affects people in many different ways. It is characterized as a chronic, progressive immune-mediated disease that varies in intensity from mild to severely disabling. Some present with a condition that involves only one or two periods of activity throughout their life. Others suffer major complications in a rapid progression of disease. The word â€Å"multiple† accurately describes this conditionRead MoreMultiple Sclerosis Essay examples1988 Words   |  8 Pagesillnesses are unexpected and can lead to life changes. A chronic illness can lead to a life altering illness. While some chronic illnesses can be cured in a few weeks or months many last a lifetime. Chronic illnesses typically have a significant impact on clients, like treatments, coping, and dealing with possible side effects. When the chronic illness progresses to death then the illness would be life altering. According to webmd.com Multiple Sclerosis or MS is a disease that affects the brainRead MoreEssay On Pluripotent Cells1143 Words   |  5 Pagesallow researchers to conduct drug testing in a wide range of cell types. Thus, improving outcomes for patients with many neurological diseases. The loss of neurons and glial cells cause neurological disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Current major therapies focus on oral medications, in the case of Parkinson’s disease, L-dopa, and dopamine receptor agonists, in addition to deep-brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus. Furthermore, the use of a VNS device to preventRead MoreCase Study : Voyager Therapeutics, Inc.822 Words   |  4 PagesCompany. The main focus of this company is based on developing life changing treatments for patients suffering from various types of disease associated with central nervous system or CNS. The gene therapy is called AAV or adeno-associated virus, which is a therapeutic approach to alter the expression of a s pecific protein, thereby reducing the symptom experienced by patients, and that, will have a clinically meaningful impact on the patient’s life. The company has created a product engine to engineer, optimizeRead MoreStereotyping And The Health Care System1261 Words   |  6 Pagesreceive by the health care system. Whether people want to admit it everyone has stereotyped at one point in their life. I know I am guilty of it. This can happen without the person even knowing that they are doing it. How a person is raised and their families beliefs growing up can impact their beliefs. So one of the important questions to answer is does being stereotyped have a lasting impact beyond the moment when it happens? A study by science news in 2010 showed that stereotyping does have a lastingRead MoreWorking As A Clinical Social Worker1462 Words   |  6 Pagesclinical social worker in the Washington, DC area with patients with life-limiting illness such as Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s, Multiple Sclerosis and Lou Gehrig ’s disease (ALS), has taught me to be eternally dedicated to a person-focused approaches to therapy supports with these patients and their family. I had considered this concept as broad theory in the past that held me to standard of consideration of the patientâ⠂¬â„¢s ideas. Now I am even more convinced than ever that the patient is my

Marketing Plan Work Sheet - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1801 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/25 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Marketing Plan Worksheets( Sources: Pride, W. M. , Elliott, G. , Rundle-Thiele, S. , Waller, D. , Paladino, A. Ferrell, O. C. (2007). Marketing: core concepts and applications (2nd asia-pacific edition). Milton, Qld: John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd. (Text used in Marketing Fundamentals BU1008) These worksheets are designed to assist you in writing a formal marketing plan. By answering the questions on these worksheets, you will be able to organize the information you collect about a company or organization. In addition, these worksheets will help ensure that you do not leave out important information or parts of the marketing plan. Note also that these worksheets are meant to be a flexible guide that can be adapted to the unique requirements of a specific marketing plan. A sample marketing plan can be found in Appendix 1, Pride et al. , 2007, p. 475, Since there is no one best way to organize a marketing plan, this outline should serve as a starting point. Your instructor may provide you with a different format or ask that you include additional information not contained in this outline. These worksheets are flexible enough to accommodate any changes your instructor might make. Marketing Plan Worksheets I. Executive Summary The executive summary is a synopsis of the overall marketing plan. The executive summary is easier to write if you do it last, after you have written the entire marketing plan. II. Situation Analysis A. The Marketing Environment 1. Competitive Forces a)Who are our major competitors as of today? What are their strengths and weaknesses? b)Who are likely to be our major competitors in the future? c)What response can we expect from our competition if we change our marketing mix? d)How does the structure of the industry affect competitive forces in the industry? 2. Economic Forces )What is the general economic condition of the country, state, city, or local area? Are our consumers optimistic or pessimistic about the economy? b)What is the buying power of consumers in our target market(s)? c)What are the current spending patterns of consumers in our target market(s)? Are consumers buying less or more of our product and why? 3. Political Forces a)Have recent elections changed the political landscape? What type of industry controls do our newly elected politicians favour? b)What is our company doing currently to maintain good relations with elected political officials? Have these activities been effective? Why or why not? 4. Legal and Regulatory Forces a)What changes in federal, state, or local government regulation are being proposed that would affect the way we operate? 5. Technological Forces a)What impact has changing technology had on our target market(s)? b)What technological changes will affect the way we operate or manufacture our products? c)What technological changes will affect the way we conduct marketing activities? d)Do any technological advances threaten to make our product(s) obsolete? 6. Soci ocultural Forces )How are society’s demographics and values changing? What effect will these changes have on our operations? b)What is the general attitude of society about our industry, company, and product(s)? c)What consumer or environmental groups could intervene in the operations of our industry or company? d)What ethical issues should we address? B. SWOT Analysis Strengths 1. Strength 1_________________________________________________________ a)How does this strength affect the operations of the company? b)How does this strength assist the company in meeting the needs of its target market(s)? 2. Strength 2 _________________________________________________________ a)How does this strength affect the operations of the company? b)How does this strength assist the company in meeting the needs of its target market(s)? 3. Strength 3 _________________________________________________________ a)How does this strength affect the operations of the company? b)How does this stren gth assist the company in meeting the needs of its target market(s)? Weaknesses 1. Weakness 1 _________________________________________________________ a)How does this weakness affect the operations of the company? )How does knowledge of this weakness assist the company in meeting the needs of its target market(s)? 2. Weakness 2 _________________________________________________________ a)How does this weakness affect the operations of the company? b)How does knowledge of this weakness assist the company in meeting the needs of its target market(s)? 3. Weakness 3 _________________________________________________________ a)How does this weakness affect the operations of the company? b)How does knowledge of this weakness assist the company in meeting the needs of its target market(s)? Opportunities 1. Opportunity 1 _________________________________________________________ a)How is this opportunity related to serving the needs of our target market(s)? b)What actions must the company take to capitalize on this opportunity? 2. Opportunity 2 _________________________________________________________ a)How is this opportunity related to serving the needs of our target market(s)? b)What actions must the company take to capitalize on this opportunity? 3. Opportunity 3 _________________________________________________________ a)How is this opportunity related to serving the needs of our target market(s)? )What actions must the company take to capitalize on this opportunity? Threats 1. Threat 1_________________________________________________________ a)How is this threat related to serving the needs of our target market(s)? b)What actions must the company take to prevent this threat from limiting the capabilities of the organization? 2. Threat 2 _________________________________________________________ a)How is this threat related to serving the needs of our target market(s)? b)What actions must the company take to prevent this threat from limiting the capabilities of t he organization? . Threat 3 _________________________________________________________ a)How is this threat related to serving the needs of our target market(s)? b)What actions must the company take to prevent this threat from limiting the capabilities of the organization? C. Matching Strengths to Opportunities/Converting Weaknesses and Threats 1. How can the company’s strengths be matched to its opportunities to create capabilities? 2. How can the company convert its weaknesses into strengths? 3. How can the company convert its threats into opportunities? IIIMarketing Objectives and Performance 1. Review of Marketing Objectives a)What are our current marketing objectives? b)Are these objectives consistent with recent changes in the marketing environment and changes in the needs of our target market(s)? 2. Performance Analysis a)Currently, how are we performing in terms of sales volume, market share, and profitability? b)How does our current performance compare to other fir ms in the industry? c)If our performance is declining, are our marketing objectives inconsistent with changes in the marketing environment and/or target market(s)? d)Is the performance of the industry as a whole declining? Why or why not? e)If our performance is improving, what actions can we take to ensure that our performance continues to improve? f)Is the performance of the industry as a whole improving? Why or why not? 3. Future Marketing Objectives Marketing Objective 1 a) What is the specific and measurable outcome and time frame for completing this objective? b) How does this objective take advantage of a strength or opportunity? c) How does this objective convert a weakness or threat? d)How is this objective consistent with the firm’s goals and mission? Marketing Objective 2 )What is the specific and measurable outcome and time frame for completing this objective? b)How does this objective take advantage of a strength or opportunity? c)How does this objective conve rt a weakness or threat? d)How is this objective consistent with the firm’s goals and mission? IVTarget Market(s) 1. Identification a)Demographic characteristics: sex, age, income, occupation, education, ethnic background, family life cycle, etc. b)Geographic characteristics: location, accessibility, climate, density, resources c)Psychographic characteristics: attitudes, opinions, interests, motives, lifestyles )Product-usage characteristics: usage rate, benefits sought 2. Needs Analysis a)What are the current needs of our target market(s)? b)How well are our current product offerings meeting these needs? c)How well are our competitors’ offerings meetings these needs? d)How are the needs of our target market(s) expected to change in the near future? What about changes in the distant future? V. Marketing Strategies A. Target Market(s) 1. Target Market 1 a)Specific description of target market in terms of demographic, geographic, psychographic, and product-usage characte ristics )Justification for the selection of this target market c)Competitors that also serve this target market 2. Target Market 2 a)Specific description of target market in terms of demographic, geographic, psychographic, and product-usage characteristics b)Justification for the selection of this target market c)Competitors that also serve this target market B. Marketing Mix 1. Marketing Mix 1 (to meet the needs of target market 1) a)Product strategies b)Pricing strategies c)Distribution strategies d)Promotion strategies e)How does this marketing mix give us a competitive advantage in target market 1? )Is this competitive advantage sustainable? Why or why not? 2. Marketing Mix 2 (to meet the needs of target market 2) a)Product strategies b)Pricing strategies c)Distribution strategies d)Promotion strategies e)How does this marketing mix give us a competitive advantage in target market 2? f)Is this competitive advantage sustainable? Why or why not? VI. Marketing Implementation and Co ntrol A. Marketing Organization 1. How will the marketing unit be organized: by functions, products, regions, or types of customers? Why? 2. Where will decision-making authority rest within the marketing unit? . Will frontline employees and managers be empowered to make decisions? If yes, how will the organization ensure that employees make the right decisions? B. Activities, Responsibility, and Timetable for Completion 1. Product Activities a)Activity 1 (1)Person responsible ____________________________________________ (2)Target completion date _________________________________________ b)Activity 2 (1)Person responsible ____________________________________________ (2)Target completion date _________________________________________ c)Activity 3 )Person responsible ____________________________________________ (2)Target completion date ________________________________________ 2. Pricing Activities a)Activity 1 (1)Person responsible ____________________________________________ (2)Targe t completion date _________________________________________ b)Activity 2 1)Person responsible ____________________________________________ (2)Target completion date _________________________________________ c)Activity 3 1)Person responsible ____________________________________________ (2)Target completion date ________________________________________ . Distribution Activities a)Activity 1 1)Person responsible ____________________________________________ (2)Target completion date ________________________________________ b)Activity 2 1)Person responsible ____________________________________________ (2)Target completion date ________________________________________ c)Activity 3 1)Person responsible ____________________________________________ (2)Target completion date _________________________________________ 4. Promotion Activities a)Activity 1 1)Person responsible ____________________________________________ 2)Target completion date ________________________________________ b)Activity 2 1)Person responsible ____________________________________________ (2)Target completion date _________________________________________ c)Activity 3 1)Person responsible ____________________________________________ (2)Target completion date _________________________________________ 5. How can the organization ensure that employees are motivated to implement these marketing activities? 6. How can the organization ensure that all marketing activities are coordinated with other functional areas within the firm? C. Performance Standards and Financial Controls 1. Product Activities a)Activity 1 (1)Budget (2)Performance standard ____________________________________________________________ _ (3)Possible corrective action ____________________________________________________________ _ b)Activity 2 (1)Budget (2)Performance standard ____________________________________________________________ _ (3)Possible corrective action ____________________________________________________________ _ c)A ctivity 3 (1)Budget (2)Performance standard ____________________________________________________________ (3)Possible corrective action ____________________________________________________________ _ 2. Pricing Activities a)Activity 1 (1)Budget (2)Performance standard ____________________________________________________________ _ (3)Possible corrective action ____________________________________________________________ _ b)Activity 2 (1)Budget (2)Performance standard ____________________________________________________________ _ (3)Possible corrective action ____________________________________________________________ _ c)Activity 3 (1)Budget (2)Performance standard ___________________________________________________________ _ (3)Possible corrective action ____________________________________________________________ _ 3. Distribution Activities a)Activity 1 (1)Budget (2)Performance standard ____________________________________________________________ _ (3)Possible corrective action __ __________________________________________________________ _ b)Activity 2 (1)Budget (2)Performance standard ____________________________________________________________ _ (3)Possible corrective action ____________________________________________________________ c)Activity 3 (1)Budget (2)Performance standard ____________________________________________________________ _ (3)Possible corrective action ____________________________________________________________ _ 4. Promotion Activities a)Activity 1 (1)Budget (2)Performance standard ____________________________________________________________ _ (3)Possible corrective action ____________________________________________________________ _ b)Activity 2 (1)Budget (2)Performance standard ____________________________________________________________ _ (3)Possible corrective action ___________________________________________________________ _ c)Activity 3 (1)Budget (2)Performance standard ________________________________________________________ ____ _ (3)Possible corrective action ____________________________________________________________ _ D. Evaluation and Monitoring Procedures 1. How will all marketing activities be monitored to ensure success? 2. Will a formal marketing audit be performed? If so, what will be the scope of the audit? 3. Will specialized audits be performed? If so, which marketing functions will be analyzed? (Reprinted by permission of Michael D. Hartline. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Marketing Plan Work Sheet" essay for you Create order

The Trafficking Of Smuggling Drugs - 1246 Words

Smuggling Drugs in Airports Over the recent past, there has been major growth in illegal trafficking of humans, firearms and most importantly drugs (UN, 2012). These kinds of trafficking are characterized by greater organisation levels. They are also denoted by the presence of criminal groups and chains. Though these activities are not new, both the geographic area and scale of the present problem is unprecedented. The value of illegal trade in 2009 throughout the world was about $1.3 trillion (Jenner, 2010). Drug smuggling is a major concern wherein it has major adverse effects due to the large illegal profits it produces (Jenner, 2010). In different drug production regions and transit areas, criminal groups disregard state authority and exiting laws by promoting corruption, affecting the economy and compromising elections (UN, 2012). Using the UK as a case in point, this paper describes drug smuggling, its development, and the effects, the challenges for investigators and judicial processes and strategies to manage with the problem. There is a large extent of drug smuggling in the UK (Richman, 2007). It was recently submitted that there were three hundred importers into the United Kingdom, three thousand wholesalers and seventy thousand street dealers. The security system in airports like Heathrow is complex and is characterized by different barriers: human, organisational and innovative barriers. There are different agencies, businesses and institutions involved inShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Drug Trafficking And Organized Crime1099 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States has a vast illegal drug market as well as high numbers of people indulging in organized crime. Drug law enforcement personnel face problems when protecting the United States borders to avoid any drug trafficking instances. Drug trafficking involves smuggling of illegal drugs producing states such as Mexico to the consumer markets in other regions within the United States Organized Crime, on the other hand, is the practice of the offense throu gh threats or violence and aims to collectRead MoreStopping The Trafficking Of Drugs Into The Country1263 Words   |  6 PagesStopping the trafficking of drugs into the country is a key part of their overall mission: to protect America. The Border Patrol’s 2012-2016 strategic plan supports the national-level strategies like the National Drug Control Strategy and â€Å"uses a risk-based approach to securing the border†. According to this strategic plan, â€Å"Transnational criminal organizations represent a significant cross-border threat to homeland security†. Outlined in the National Drug Strategy, the border security missionRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The United Nations Office On Drugs And Crime1278 Words   |  6 PagesHuman trafficking and smuggling has been in existence across the world for thousands of years. While both of these issues deserve equal public awareness, they are very different from one another. The United Nations office reveals consent, exploitation and transnationality are the most important differences (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Web). From ancient Greek to medieval times, up until today, both physical and sexual slavery is commonly used. Humans all over the world are trappedRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Trafficking1283 Words   |  6 Pagesit comes to the topic human trafficking, mostly everyone knows that it has a lot of history to its name. According to ben skinner, â€Å" there are more slaves in the world today then ever before†(E. Benjamin pg. xi). There have been many incidents an d cases with human trafficking such as, sex trade, smuggling, violence, etc. Today, one can show how real is Human Trafficking. This paper details the big enigma exist todays date, that Human Trafficking is real. Trafficking can happen in almost every countryRead MoreThe Business Of Modern Day Slavery And Drug Trafficking1139 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness of Modern Day Slavery and Drug Trafficking There are approximately 3,287 men, women, and children stripped of their freedom daily. That is equivalent to 136 people per hour. Many are kidnapped from their families, sold by family members to pay off debts or exchanged for drugs. Human trafficking has become the second most profitable illegal business worldwide with the trafficking or smuggling of drugs being at the top of the list. Human smuggling and trafficking with its high demand from bothRead MoreHuman Trafficking And Human Smuggling1328 Words   |  6 Pagesconvince my readers that human trafficking and human smuggling are not the same. It is important to identify these two key terms in an effort to better understand them. By doing this my readers will have a better understanding of why it is important to distinction them. Human trafficking and human smuggling are huge markets worldwide and as a result can provide many of those involved with an income. The amount of income that is produced annually due to human traf ficking is not known. According to FeingoldRead MoreHuman Trafficking : A Serious Crime And A Direct Violation Of Human Rights1138 Words   |  5 PagesIntelligence Question: How human trafficking is currently impacted by increased law enforcement coverage at the southwest border aimed at reducing illegal alien smuggling into the country? Summary: Human trafficking is a serious crime and a direct violation of human rights. It can be defined as an illegal trade of human beings in which they are treated as possessions to be controlled for labor intensive work like slavery, or exploited by being forced into prostitution. Every year, millions of peopleRead MoreHuman Trafficking : A Form Of Modern Day Slavery1339 Words   |  6 Pages Trafficking in persons or TIP, â€Å"is a form of modern day slavery† (Women’s Bureau 2002). â€Å"Traffickers often prey on individuals who are poor; frequently unemployed, or underemployed, and who may lack access to social safety nets. Victims are often lured by traffickers with false promises of good jobs and better lives, and then forced to work under brutal and inhumane conditions†(Attorney General). TIP â€Å"involves the use of violence, threats or deception to create a pliant and exploitable work force†Read MoreHuman Trafficking : A Global Perspective1402 Words   |  6 PagesIn Human Trafficking: A Global Perspective, Louise Shelley examines why and how human occurs. Dr. Shelley, founder and director of the Terrorism, Transnational Crime and Corruption Center and Professor in the School of Public Policy at George Mason University is a lead expert on transnational crime and terrorism. She has written numerous works on all sides of transnational c rime and corruption. The main focus of her work is on the former Soviet Union. Shelley does an excellent job on giving the readerRead MoreDrug Smuggling And Its Effects On America1694 Words   |  7 PagesThey engage in drug smuggling to carter for their needs. In addition, the viscous cycle of poverty in some societies has led to large number of people engaging in drug smuggling. Education is always viewed as a major factor in eliminating poverty. However, in some communities, high levels of poverty leads to school dropouts. These individuals who have dropped out of school easily indulge in drug smuggling since it is one of the activities that can earn them a living and requires little or no educational

Essay on Freuds Concept of the Uncanny - 1086 Words

When a person experiences chills or goose bumps as a reaction to something strange or unusual, they are being affected by a sense of uncanniness. The psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud endeavored to explain this feeling of uncanniness in his essay entitled â€Å"The Uncanny†. Freud’s theory focuses around two different causes for this reaction. Freud attributes the feeling of uncanniness to repressed infantile complexes that have been revived by some impression, or when primitive beliefs that have been surmounted seem once more to be confirmed. The first point of his theory that Freud discusses in the essay is the repression of infantile complexes that cause an uncanny experience. Freud†¦show more content†¦This statement is supported by the laws of ancient Greek society which would have called for his castration due to the incest with his mother. While the infantile castration complex is the only one Freud goes into detail with in the essay, there are many others that would cause uncanniness if they were revived. The reason for this is that once the child grows up these complexes are hidden deep within the subconscious and are totally without logical reason. The adult does not realize that he fears castration, instead he can only rationally explain his fear as that of being blinded. The feelings of childhood remain with us throughout adult life but they are only faintly perceptible, and this too can cause uncanniness. The foggy remembrance of a sensation that can no longer be grasped but still affects our emotions in ways that we can not explain to ourselves. The second point of Freud’s theory states that uncanniness is experienced when primitive beliefs which have been surmounted seem once more to be confirmed. These surmounted beliefs are usually beliefs concerning the after-life, magic, and other such supernatural things that were once part of early man’s belief system. This part of his theory is closely connected to superstition. For example, most modern individuals do not believe in the existence of ghosts, yet some religions bless houses. The question arises then, whyShow MoreRelatedFear Oneself : Freud s View On Psychoanalysis Essay1247 Words   |  5 PagesFear Oneself: Freud’s View on Psychoanalysis â€Å"There is no question therefore, of any intellectual uncertainty here: we know now that we are not supposed to be looking on at the products of a madman’s imagination, behind which we, with superiority of rational minds, are able to detect the sober truth; and yet this knowledge does not lessen the impression of uncanniness in the least degree† (Freud 424). Freud’s concept of psychoanalysis revolves around and into the minds of characters in every literaryRead MoreFreuds Interpretations of Uncanny Essay653 Words   |  3 PagesFreud’s concept of the â€Å"uncanny† is a highly influential and valued in psychoanalysis and literature. As Freud explains, it reveals much about his understanding of human beings as being essentially determined by their fears and unconscious desires. His interpretation of uncanny can be analyzed in two ways: linguistic and actual. In the beginning, he starts with the term â€Å"uncanny†, which is taken from Ger man word â€Å"unheimlich†, literally meaning â€Å"un-home-like† – something unfamiliar and unknown, neverRead MoreEssay on Nella Larsens Passing1387 Words   |  6 PagesThe concept of the uncanny can be a difficult one to comprehend; this is why Freud begins his essay with an analysis of the different definitions of the uncanny in various languages. Ultimately Freud rests that the German terms â€Å"heimlich† and â€Å"unheimlich† best match the definition of the uncanny because it is translated as familiar and unfamiliar. The uncanny can be defined as something that creates a feeling of familiarity but also unfamiliarity, and this unfamiliarity is what is fearful to theRead Morequot;The Monkeys Pawquot;: A Freudian Perspective Essay646 Words   |  3 PagesIf The Monkeys Paw is uncanny or not is a topic quite debatable, mainly because of the role the reader has in determining the uncertain events which appear in the story. Anyhow, if the stor y is read according to Freuds point of view of what the uncanny is, the reader can surely state that The Monkeys Paw is an uncanny story. There are many elements that are stated in Freuds conception which can be implicitly related to the story, such as the fact of coincidence. But first of all, it is importantRead MoreThe Uncanny And Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights1746 Words   |  7 PagesAssessment 1: Critical Commentary Freud’s The Uncanny and Emily Brontà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights The principal idea in Sigmund Freud’s interpretation of The Uncanny theory centres around the Heimlich, translating to ‘homely’ and thus, what is familiar, and the Unheimlich, which is often translated to what is ‘Uncanny’ defined as ‘what is [†¦] frightening precisely because it is not known and familiar’ (Freud, 1919) or later described as something that is ‘secretly familiar which has undergone repression’Read MoreThe Uncanny Of Sleeping Beauty And Her Children1219 Words   |  5 Pages The Uncanny of Sleeping Beauty and Her Children Psychoanalyst, Sigmund Freud, constructed his theory of the uncanny, in a simplified conclusion as the ability for the conscious mind to recall or find â€Å"something familiar and frightening† within his essay â€Å"The Uncanny† as shared in Literary Theory: An Anthology. The first portion of the essay serves in effort to breakdown the reasoning for the term to lend us meaning, in short he provides us with the etymology of uncanny. We learn of its GermanRead MorePowers of Horror by Julia Kristeva, Questions and Answers1384 Words   |  6 Pagesnative’s stranger a sense of ‘anxiety’ (Kristeva 1991: 183) prevails. Kristeva’s notion of the ‘stranger to our self’ stems from Freud’s breakthrough essay The Uncanny. Freudian hermeneutics explores and decodes the paradox of the ‘Un-heimliche’ known as the ‘uncanny’. The uncanny, for Freud, is the fear of the ‘unfamiliar’ (Freud 1919: 2). Kristeva endeavors to develop on Freud’s psychoanalytical essay by demonstrating how we are unquestionably aliens in our own identities. Referencing Freud she promotesRead MoreComparison Of Freud And Jentsch s Concept Of The Uncanny1143 Words   |  5 Pagesnotion of â€Å"uncanny.†   Previous studies were conducted on this subject by the German psychologist Ernst Anton Jentsch, and served as the starting point for Freud’s analysis. However, the feeling of â€Å"uncanny† was not an easy concept to identify. Jentsch concluded that it fits in the area of the fear of the unfamiliar and intellectual uncertainty. Freud, with some opposition to Jentsch’s investigation, took it further from what Jentsch concluded. Freud theorizes that â€Å"the ‘uncanny’ is that classRead MoreThe Origins Of The Female Vampire1504 Words   |  7 Pagesmirroring Victorian society’s angst of female sexuality. Le Fanu’s story ‘Carmilla’ treats vampirism as the means for bringing the repressed desires, ‘the unspeakable’, to life. Le Fanu s gothic story ‘Carmilla’ deals with the discovery of the uncanny monster that is ultimately revealed in human nature. 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The Israeli Palestinian Conflict, By Benjamin Netanyahu

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Business Law Business Legitimate Interest

Question: Describe about the Business Law for Business Legitimate Interest. Answer: Solution 1 Issues Whether Richard and his father have made a valid contract? If yes, then Can Richard sue his father for the recovery of his weekly allowance @ $200? Relevant Law The raised issue is resolved by evaluating the elements of contracts which are required to make a valid contract. A contract is an agreement which is made by the parties themselves and which has relevance and legality in law. To make a valid contract the basic contractual requirements are: Offer Every contract can be established only when an offer is made at the first place. When an offeror wishes an offeree to act as per the terms and conditions prescribed by him then he communicates his intention to such an offeree. This communication of the offeror intention to an offeree is an offer in contract law and is held in Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company[1892] EWCA Civ 1. An offer can be made orally or in writing but must communicate the offeror intention clearly. (Clark 2012). Acceptance- When the offeree receives the offer so made by an offeror and affirms the same then it is called acceptance. An acceptance is made when it is made without bringing any variations to the terms of the offer (Empirnall Holdings Pty Ltd v Machon PaullPartnersPty Ltd (1988) 14 NSWLR 527. (Clark 2012). Intention to create legal relations Every offer and acceptance which is made by an offer and offeree should be made with an intention to create a legal relationship between them. If there is no intention to bind a legal relationship then there is no contract even if all other elements are present and is held in Australian Woollen Mills Pty. Ltd. v. Commonwealth (1954) 92 CLR 424. (Lucke, 2016) The general presumption that prevails in law is that when the parties are in family relationship then there is no presence of legal intention (Balfour V. Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571 Cohen v. Cohen (1929) HCA 15). But when the partys are in commercial relationship then there is presence of legal intention amid the parties (Rose and Frank Co v Crompton [1925] AC 445. But, this general presumption is not always true and can be rebutted by proof of evidence. For instance in the leading case of McBride v. Sandland (1918) 25 CLR 69 Turner v. Turner [1918] HCA 66, the court held that when the parties are at family relationship but while exchanging offers and acceptances the partys intent to abide by the same legally, then, there is contractual relationship amid the parties even though the parties are in family relationship. Capacity of the parties Both the offeror and the offeree are the parties who make a valid contract but both the parties should be capable as per the law of the land in order to make a valid contract. The parties are said to be capable when they are mentally sound and have attained the age of majority (Re Walker (1950). Generally the parties are considered to be major when they have attained the age of 18 years of age. However, at times the parties have not attained the age of 18 and had entered into contract, then, such kind of contract is voidable. But when the contract is made by the parties for their necessity or for their employment then such contracts are valid in law and are enforceable by the minors. In the leading case of Nash v. Inman [1908] 2 KB 1 Roberts v Gray [1913] KB 520, it was held that a contract by a minor for necessity is valid. However, the necessity of such minor must be analyzed by the surrounding circumsttbces and the standard of living of the minor. (The Law Teacher, 2016). Consideration finally, when a valid offer and acceptance is made by the parties who are capable to make a contract with a legal intention then such promises must always be support by something which is valuable in nature whether in cash or kind (Beaton v McDivitt (1987) 13 NSWLR 162. This something of value in law is called consideration and must be sufficient to support the promises thought it is not necessary that the same must be absolute. (Moles Sangha, 1998). All the legal principles that are studied above are now applied to the facts of the case. Application of law The father of Richard, who is a millionaire, has asked him to clean the yard (both front and back). He promised to give him $200 for the same. Thus, an offer was made by the father to Richard. The offer which was made by the father was duly accepted by Richard. Thus, a valid acceptance was made amid them. This valid offer and acceptance results in an agreement which is supported by valid consideration of $200. Id. But, since the contract taken by Richard is for his necessity, Now, Richard was a poor student and he agreed to take the offer of father because he is need of money. considering that Richard is minor, then, as per law, a contract with minor is not valid, however, since Richard was very poor and the offer of father was accepted by orchard because of his necessity, thus, such kinds of contact is valid in law. Also, generally a contract amid a father and son is not considered to be valid as they are in family relationship. But this assumption can be cancelled if proved otherwise. As per facts, the father used to gave $350 to the Gardner for keeping the yard clean. Later he gave the work to Richard beachside he was doing the same job in $ 200 which is less than $ 350. Thus, his intention was made to motive Richard to earn by doing the job. Also, Richard undertook the task as he was poor and is in need on money. Hence, the intention of both the parties was to abide by the contact and hence there is presence of legal intention. So, there is presence of all contractual elements. Conclusion To conclude, the contract amid the father and Richard is valid as there is presence of all contractual elements amid the two. Solution 2 Issues Whether the non-compete clause which was imposed by Frre Bros upon Joe is valid? Relevant Law When any contract is made amid an offeror and offeree by complying with all the essential elements in valid contract, then, the terms of such valid contract is imposed upon the parties and the parties are compelled to comply with such terms of the contract. Many times when an employer appoints an employee then he enters into an employment contract with such an employee the employer incorporates several terms and conditions to which an employee must comply with. One such term which an employee is obligated to comply with is the non-compete clause (Write v Gasweld(1991) 22 NSWLR 317. (Doherty, 2016) A non-compete clause is a clause which is made part of the employment contract and imposes restrictions upon an employee not to conduct any business activity which is similar to the nature of the employment in which he is employed with. The basic reasons as to why an employer incorporates such a kind of clause within an employment contracts are: (Tobin, 2012) To safeguard the goodwill of the company One of the main reasons for the implementation of the non-compete clause in employment contract is that the goodwill of the company in the market can be protected. When any employer has undertaken any business activity then a kind of good will is established by him. If the employee is permitted to undertake a business activity which is similar to that of his employer then the goodwill of the employers business is hampered which may also affect his business interest. Thus, incorporation of non-compete clause to protect goodwill is valid (HRX Holding Pty Ltd v Pearson[2012] FCA 161. To protect the legitimate interest when the non-compete if not implemented results in hampering the legitimate interest of the employer then in such situation the employer is permitted to incorporate the non-compete clause in the contract which allows the protection of legitimate interest and this policy of the law must be protected if the same can be achieved by relying on the non-compete clauses (Hanover Insurance Brokers Ltd v Schapiro[1994] IRLR 82. (Doherty, 2016) To maintain secrecy The clause can also be maintained to protect the secret and confidential information of the company, when an employee is working with the company then there are various information which are gained by such an employee and if such an employee is permitted to carry out another business activity which is similar to the business of an employer then the employee can exploit such confidential information for his own good which hampers the interest if an employer. Thus, upon these grounds, the incorporation if a non-compete clause is valid (Prime Creative Media Pty Ltd v Vranjkova and Motoring Matters Pty Ltd [2009] FCA 1030. But, if a non-compete clause is incorporated and the same is: Against the public policy The public policy of the country which is developed by the government of the country should not be hampered by the application of non-compete clause. If any public policy is hampered by such clauses then the clauses are invalid in law. Against the legitimate interest of the employee If by the application of non-compete clause the legitimate interest of the employee himself is hampered then such kinds of clauses is not valid. For instances, in the leading case Wallis Nominees (Computing) Pty Ltd v Pickett [2013] VSCA 24 a restriction is imposed on the employee for 12 months years till which the employee was not permitted to work in the similar business. The clause was held to be invalid as the duration was very long and is not within the legitimate interest of the employee himself. Is illegal If the non-compete clauses which is imposed upon the employee is illegal in nature the such kinds of clauses has no relevance in law. In such cases, the non-compete clause is not valid and is thus not enforceable upon the employee. The legal principles is now applied to the facts of the case. Application of Law As per the facts of the case, Frre Bros has employed Joe. As per the employment contract: The employment contract is for five years; Joe has agreed to provide his services exclusively to Frre Bros; Joe will not act in films for any other company during this period. However, in the very first year of the employment Joe has made a contractual relationship with Pretty Pictures. By applying the law of non-compete clause, it is submitted that Frre Bros is authorized to incorporated non-compete clause in order to protect his legitimate interest, goodwill and maintain secrecy of his business. In order to protect his interest, Frre Bros has incorporated a non-compete clause for five years. In the leading case of Wallis Nominees (Computing) Pty Ltd v Pickett (2013) it was held that normally a valid non-compete is such which is imposes restrictions upon the employee for a reasonable duration. A restriction which is beyond a reasonable duration is not valid. Such restriction is only valid when the employer can provide relevant proof to support the same. Thus, Frre Bros has imposed a restriction of five years which is very long and will ultimately hamper the legitimate interest of Joe as he will not able to work in any another company for five ling years. Thus, if not valid proof is laid down by Frre Bros, then the clause is not valid and Joe can work for any other company. Conclusion Since the restrain of five years is very long thus Frre Bros cannot rely on the clause unless and until valid proof of evidence is laid down by Frre Bros wherein he can prove that the restriction of five years is necessary to provide the legitimate interest of Frre Bros. Reference List Clark, J. (2012). Australian Contract Law. Agreement. (online). Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation-agreement.html. [Viewed on 15th September 2016]. Doherty, JC. (2016) Non-compete and restraint oftradeclauses inemploymentcontracts (online). Available at: https://www.fglaw.com.au/non-compete-employment/. [Viewed on 15th September 2016]. Lucke, H.K. (2016). The Intention To Create Legal Relations. (online). Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AdelLawRw/1970/1.pdf. [Viewed on 15th September 2016]. Moles, R Sangha, B. (1998) Consideration (online). Available at: https://netk.net.au/Contract/04Consideration.asp. [Viewed on 15th September 2016]. The Law Teacher. (2016). Capacity of the parties. (online). Available at: https://www.lawteacher.net/lecture-notes/contract-law/capacity-lecture.php. [Viewed on 15th September 2016]. Tobin, A. (2012). Australia: Protecting confidential information and business goodwill before, during and after the employment relationship (online). Available at: https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/176144/Contract+of+Employment/Protecting+confidential+information+and+business+goodwill+before+during+and+after+a+business+relationship. [Viewed on 15th September 2016]. Case laws Australian Woollen Mills Pty. Ltd. v. Commonwealth (1954) 92 CLR 424. Balfour V. Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571 Beaton v McDivitt (1987) 13 NSWLR 162. Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company[1892] EWCA Civ 1 Cohen v. Cohen (1929) HCA 15. Empirnall Holdings Pty Ltd v Machon PaullPartnersPty Ltd (1988) 14 NSWLR 527. Hanover Insurance Brokers Ltd v Schapiro[1994] IRLR 82. HRX Holding Pty Ltd v Pearson(2012) [2012] FCA 161. McBride v. Sandland (1918) 25 CLR 69. Nash v. Inman [1908] 2 KB 1. Prime Creative Media Pty Ltd v Vranjkova and Motoring Matters Pty Ltd[2009] FCA 1030. Rose and Frank Co v Crompton [1925] AC 445 Roberts v Gray [1913] KB 520. Re Walker (1950) Turner v. Turner [1918] HCA 66. Write v Gasweld(1991) 22 NSWLR 317. Wallis Nominees (Computing) Pty Ltd v Pickett [2013] VSCA 24

Customer perception about brand reality free essay sample

1. Introduction: The retail industry plays a significant role in the development and growth of overall economy of a nation. In countries such as UK, retailers have positioned themselves in such a way that they are able to cater all types of customers’ needs and wants. (Economic Survey, 2012). The major retailers of UK are Tesco, Sainsburys, Asda, John Lewis, Marks and Spencer etc. Even when the country faced severe economic crisis, retailers invested in infrastructure and technology with a vision to grow in the long run by understanding and satisfying the demand of all groups of customers. This research aims to focus on subject of customer reliability in retail sector based on case study of Tesco plc and will show how this reliability has been used as a marketing technique by Tesco. This case study should be considering the Luton, UK branch of Tesco Metro. The study will correlate the reliability perception of customers and marketing strategy. Marketing is all about understanding customers’ needs and wants and then designing and delivering products and services at a profit in such a way that those needs and wants can be satisfied. (Kotler and Keller, 2011). Marketing strategy is a strategy adopted by an organization which allows it to use its available resources for the maximum satisfaction of customers’ needs and wants. There is a significant role of customers’ perception in relation to reliability in this marketing strategy. For the study, the researcher has selected the luton branch of Tesco Metro. The reason behind this chosen branch is the availability of data and information. The researcher has sound access to the manager of this Tesco branch and hence data is easily accessible. Marketing is very essential not only to retain existing customers but also to attract new and potential customers. Without effective marketing, it is not possible for any company to survive, prosper and grow in today’s complex and dynamic environment. Marketing continuously aims to improve the current market share of the company. (Boot, 2000). It should be noted that the days of black-box marketing have gone where companies just focus on mass production and mass consumption with the help of mass advertisement. Today customers are quite clever and hence marketing strategy should be effective enough to establish reliability and trust for the company among the customers. (Gronroos, 1994). In addition, long term bond and relationship with customers is quite essential in order to sustain and grow and companies use this relationship so as to achieve customers’ perception of reliability. (Baker, 2000). The external environment also forces a company to design and maintain a customer- focused strategy which can work in conjunction with reliability. In order to address this significant issue, Tesco introduced ‘clubcard’ scheme which is a customer reliability program in 1995. Since Tesco was a leading food retailer in UK, it was necessary for this company to understand the underlying importance of brand reliabilit y. Today this scheme has predominant impact on marketing function of Tesco and it influences its operations and procedures when it comes to customer loyalty. 1 (A). Research Aim and Objectives: The overall aim of this study is to explain and analyze the relationship between customers’ perception about reliability and the marketing strategy of Tesco at Luton branch. The influence of reliability perception on marketing strategy of Tesco shall be investigated. In order to achieve this aim, the objectives of the research are as follows: To analyze and investigate various theories, models and literature so as to find out the correlation between marketing strategy and reliability perception of customers. To examine the factors that enhanced reliability perception of Tesco customers and how their influenced Tesco’s marketing strategy. To recommend further courses of action which can be taken by Tesco in order to increase the reliability element in its marketing strategy. 1 (B).Research Questions: What are the key factors that influence customers’ perception about reliability in retail sector? How Tesco has responded to the reliability of customers in its marketing strategy? 2. Literature Review: Literature review is a significant part of any research project because it gives a stand to the study. It shows what previous academic and professional study has been done on the subject area and how the present research can contribute to that domain. (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). A research topic should be selected in conjunction with the available literature on that subject because it will support the thesis statement and will provide a base to carry forward the research in the future. Literature review of this study shall start with an introduction to marketing; it will then explain the concept of reliability and explain the various ways in which the customers’ reliability can be measured. The reliability framework shall also be discussed via relationship marketing and explain the different components of relationship marketing which help in building reliability. Literature review will further explain the issues related to reliability and relationship marketing. It is quite essential for a literature review to critically analyze the key components that have a direct impact on the research questions and objectives. In order to achieve this, literature review will explain trust, commitment, customer service, customer care, bond, sales offers etc. Bond can be developed on the basis of multidimensional attachments like psychological, economic, cultural, emotional or physical. (McCall, 2000). Modern marketing opines that effective bonding should be used by companies so as to bring buyers and sellers together. There could be social bonds, financial bonds, and structural bonds. (O’ Malley, 2003). It is important for an organization to form a bonding with customers and then turn this bonding into a reliable relationship. Trust is important to generate regular and repeat business and it goes on to build commitment. Customers can trust any brand or company only when it is able to satisfy their needs and demands on a regular basis. (Morgan and Symon, 2004). The mutual confidence can be increased by trust and so the reliability factor. At the same time, trust motivates customers to come to the business again and become loyal customers. It should be noted that sometimes when customers lose the trust in the business, they discontinue dealing with business and this adversely affects not only the current market share of business but its future growth as well. Commitment is having a direct impact on the marketing strategy of an organization because it prospers the reliability factor. (Morgan and Symon, 2004). When a  company fulfills all its commitments in terms of product quality, support, post sale services etc, a strong feeling of reliability develops among the consumers which prospers the growth and expansion of the company. Internal commitment within an organization is also quite important because it improves the overall performance and productivity level of the establishment. It also improves internal and external communication channels and builds goodwill of the organization. In retail, commitment matters a lot. Unless and until a retail organization fulfills all its commitments, it cannot grow in the long run and at the same time, its marketing strategy will not succeed. Customer service is the heart and soul of any business at the moment. No wonder customer service is able to provide exchange or refund of items even without the proof of purchase in retail organizations such as John Lewis, Debenhams, Tesco, Sainsburys etc. Customer service have a direct impact on marketing channel and strategy because when a company provides sound customer service, this practice acts as a marketing tool and hence, adds to developing the credibility of the company among the customers and public in general. Customer service is responsible for generating customer satisfaction and this helps in building reliability. Customer care is associated with customer relationship management and has a direct impact on the reliability factor. Customer care involves giving attention to all the business processes, tasks, and internal operations etc. which have impact on the customer. For example, if care has been given on packaging of goods, it will add to the health and safety and hygiene standards and hence ultimately benefit the customer. Care also shapes and determines the reliability of customers. Various sales offers are being promoted and practiced not only to attract buyers and sell goods at a fast speed, but also to build strong relationship with customers. Sales offers are formulated and designed by giving due consideration to the specific needs of all groups of loyal buyers. Sometimes sales offers help organizations to get rid of stock which is not getting sold whilst maintaining a sound image in the eyes of customers. Loyalty programs act as a marketing strategy and generate regular business. They also help in maintaining reliability and trust with the customers because they start to think that the company cares for them and provide them the required products and services at a discounted price. Hence, in order words, customers think that their loyalty is being  acknowledged and rewarded. 3. Research Methodology: This part shall cover the various research methods deployed in conducting the research. The feasibility of all selected methods shall also be described along with the reason that why a particular approach has been selected. A brief description is as under: Nature of study: Descriptive, Bit explanatory, Bit prescriptive. Research philosophy: Interpretive Research approach: Inductive Research Strategy: Case study based strategy Primary data collection methods: Semi-structured interview and Questionnaire Secondary data collection methods: Books, Internet websites, Journals etc. Sampling: Judgmental Sampling   Ethical Considerations: This research shall take place only after approval from the concerned authorities of Swansea Metropolitan University. The data gathered shall remain confidential and the privacy of respondents will not be invaded. Respondents shall be free to leave the research at any time they want to. In addition, this research does not involve any animals. The research project developed shall not be shared by any third party and will be used only for academic and university purposes. 4. Data Findings and Analysis: The collected data shall be presented in a proper systematic way so that it will be easily understandable by the readers. Detailed explanation of the response generated will be presented in form of tables, pie-charts etc. The researcher will make sure that any personal bias or opinion should not influence the analysis and discussion. In addition, SPSS analysis could also be implemented as a tool to compare the obtained data. This will follow by a detailed conclusion which shall highlight the key components of the chapter. 5. Conclusion and Recommendations: This chapter will present the overall summary of the research project. It will give individual conclusion on all the objectives set for the research. Strong reasoning and backup from primary and secondary data will be provided in order to support the stated conclusions. Moreover, this chapter will also  give a recommendation to the selected company which will help it to improve its future operations and processes and will also provide a base for further research and discussion. Certain limitations which have been faced by the research in conducting the research project will also be discussed in brief in this chapter after the recommendations. The research project shall end here. Furthermore, References, Bibliography, and Appendices will be presented in a formal and acceptable manner. All the sources used directly in the construction of the project shall be included in the References section. The Bibliography section will show any background reading which have any influence on the project. Appendices will show the questionnaire and interview.